# 历代帝后半身像册

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^顶栏为宋代帝半身像册

撰自 /类目 [元代](https://www.shuge.org/collection/yaun/), [宋辽金](https://www.shuge.org/collection/songliao/), [明代](https://www.shuge.org/collection/ming/), [绘画](https://www.shuge.org/collection/painting/), [艺术类](https://www.shuge.org/collection/art/) /2022年06月10日

此《历代帝后半身像册》为南薰殿旧藏。内含七册：宋代帝半身像册、宋代后半身像册、元代帝半身像册、元代后半身像册、明代帝后半身像两册、历代帝王半身像册。其最早的一批绘制于宋代，经元明宫廷不断补充。此套于清乾隆十三年重新装裱，现藏于台北故宫博物院。

清乾隆十二年（1747）清高宗发现一批帝后功臣像存放于“茶库”，下旨检修裱装。乾隆十三年（1748）修复工作完成，其中的帝后像改移“南薰殿”贮藏。1945年，南薰殿的大部分画像都被运至台湾，收藏在台北故宫博物院。剩余部分则分散藏在北京故宫博物院和中国国家博物馆。

现存帝后像大部分在乾隆十三年（1748）重新装裱过。当时清高宗为这批帝后像选定的“裱绫”，是金黄与明黄八瓣缠枝花纹的款式。重新装裱过后的题签，除了书写帝后庙号，还特别标注修复时间：「乾隆戊辰年重裝」。此外，每件帝后像轴还量身订制云头纹黄绫“囊”，慎重地贮藏在南薰殿里，可见清高宗对这次历代帝后像的整理修复十分重视。（介绍[参考](https://theme.npm.edu.tw/exh110/FacetsofAuthority/ch/page-6.html#main)）

1，**宋代帝半身像册**
此册描绘宋代帝像自宣祖起至度宗、共十六帝，依次为：宋宣祖、宋太祖、宋太宗、宋真宗、宋仁宗、宋英宗、宋神宗、宋哲宗、宋徽宗、宋欽宗、宋高宗、宋孝宗、宋光宗、宋寧宗、宋理宗、宋度宗。清乾隆十三年曾重新改装，画心四周及封板俱裱以黄绫。各对幅皆有楷书题记，注明帝王名讳及在位时间。清宫南熏殿旧藏。

封板题签（楷书）：**宋朝帝像 乾隆戊辰年重裝**
![](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/songdaidibanshenxiangce0.jpg)
更多参见页顶栏图集

2，**宋代后半身像册**
本册共六开，每开二幅。分绘北宋宣祖后至南宋宁宗后等十二位帝后。依次为：宣祖后、真宗后，仁宗后、英宗后，神宗后、哲宗后，徽宗后、欽宗后，高宗后、孝宗后，光宗后、寧宗后。均未系名款，虽不确知作者为谁，但人物面相各个不同，推测是出自当时御用画家之手。清乾隆十三年曾重新改装，画心四周及封板俱裱以黄绫，题签书「宋后像」。清宫南熏殿旧藏。

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3，**元代帝半身像册**
此套共八开，依次描绘：元太祖、元太宗、元世祖、元成宗、元武宗、元仁宗、元文宗、元寧宗。各对幅皆有楷书题记，注明帝王名讳及在位时间。清宫南熏殿旧藏。

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4，**元代后半身像册**
此套共八开，依次描绘：元世祖后、元順宗后，元武宗后、元武宗后，元武宗后、元仁宗后，元英宗后、元英宗后，元明宗后、元寧宗后，元帝后納罕、无标名者四幅（元代后，元代后、元代后，元代后）。清宫南熏殿旧藏。

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6，**明代帝后半身像册**（两册）《明代帝后半身像册》各开均以楷体金书标明帝后庙号。画家特别强调写实，注重面目渲染，以突显人物特性，对于帝后服饰与妆容亦极力描摹，为明代帝后肖像的重要代表作品。画家为求写实，各帝每根胡须均一笔一笔分开画成，透出掩在后面的衣领与袍纹。皇后像则仔细表现了额、鼻、下巴敷以白粉，两颊微染胭脂，同时浓点朱唇的的化妆法；也特地描摹首饰镶嵌宝石受光反射的圆润质感。

第一册共十开，共收有自太祖至武宗八帝十后之绢本设色半身肖像：明太祖高皇帝、孝慈高皇后，太宗文皇帝、仁孝文皇后，仁宗昭皇帝、誠孝昭皇后，宣宗章皇帝、孝恭章皇后，孝惠皇后，英宗睿皇帝、孝莊睿皇后，孝肅皇后，憲宗純皇帝、孝貞純皇后，孝宗敬皇帝、孝康敬皇后，武宗毅皇帝、孝靜毅皇后。清宫南熏殿旧藏。

第二册共九开，共收有自世宗至熹宗五帝十后之绢本设色半身肖像：世宗肅皇帝、孝潔肅皇后、孝恪皇后、穆宗莊皇帝、懿莊皇后、孝安皇后、孝定皇后、神宗顯皇帝、孝端顯皇后、孝靖皇后、光宗貞帝、孝元貞皇后、孝和皇后、孝純皇后、熹宗悊皇帝。清宫南熏殿旧藏。

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7，**历代帝王半身像册**
此套共十九开，依次描绘：太昊伏羲氏、炎帝神農氏，黃帝軒轅氏、少皥金天氏，顓頊高陽氏、帝嚳高辛氏，帝堯陶唐氏、帝舜有虞氏，禹、殷湯，周文王、周武王，漢高祖、漢文帝，漢景帝、漢光武帝，漢昭烈帝、吳大帝，東晉元帝、南朝宋武帝，宋文帝、齊高祖，陳武帝、梁武帝，隋文帝、唐高祖，唐太宗、唐玄宗，唐憲宗、唐宣宗，閩王審知、南唐後主李煜，宋太祖、宋仁宗，宋高宗、宋孝宗，宋寧宗。清宫南熏殿旧藏。

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南薰殿始建于明代，位于外朝西路，武英殿西南，为一独立的院落。《礼记·乐记》载：“昔者舜作五弦之琴以歌南风。”《孔子家语·辩乐》载其辞：“南风之熏兮，可以解吾民之愠兮；南风之时兮，可以阜吾民之财兮 。” 南薰殿之名便由此来。殿面阔 5 间，黄琉璃瓦单檐歇山顶。殿内明、次间各设朱红漆木阁，分5层，奉历代帝王像。殿东室奉历代皇后像；西室贮明代帝后册宝。

宋、元、明绘本

宋代帝半身像册：十六开，55.8x46.9厘米，绢本/纸本设色
宋代后半身像册：六开，56.2x45.7厘米，绢本设色
元代帝半身像册：八开，59x47.6厘米，绢本/纸本设色
元代后半身像册：八开，61.5x48厘米，绢本设色
明代帝后半身像册（一）：十开，约65.8x52.1厘米，绢本设色
明代帝后半身像册（二）：九开，约64.6x50.8厘米，绢本/纸本设色
历代帝王半身像册：十九开，59.6x44.4厘米，绢本浅设色

台北故宫博物院藏（[中畫00032200000](https://digitalarchive.npm.gov.tw/Painting/Content?pid=1884&Dept=P)、[中畫00032300000](https://digitalarchive.npm.gov.tw/Painting/Content?pid=1885&Dept=P)、[中畫00032400000](https://digitalarchive.npm.gov.tw/Painting/Content?pid=1886&Dept=P)、[中畫00032500000](https://digitalarchive.npm.gov.tw/Painting/Content?pid=1887&Dept=P)、[中畫00032600000](https://digitalarchive.npm.gov.tw/Painting/Content?pid=1888&Dept=P)、[中畫00032700000](https://digitalarchive.npm.gov.tw/Painting/Content?pid=1889&Dept=P)、[中畫00033100000](https://digitalarchive.npm.gov.tw/Painting/Content?pid=1893&Dept=P)）

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历代帝后半身像册

> 宋代帝半身像册.十六开.绢本纸本设色
> 宋代后半身像册.六开.绢本设色
> 元代帝半身像册.八开.绢本纸本设色
> 元代后半身像册.八开.绢本设色
> 明代帝后半身像册（一）.十开.绢本设色
> 明代帝后半身像册（二）.九开.绢本纸本设色
> 历代帝王半身像册.十九开.绢本浅设色

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