# 上林图

![image-1355](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu.jpg)
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![image-1370](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-15.jpg)
![image-1371](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-16.jpg)

^顶栏为台北故宫藏：版本一

撰自 /类目 [明代](https://www.shuge.org/collection/ming/), [绘画](https://www.shuge.org/collection/painting/), [艺术类](https://www.shuge.org/collection/art/) /2019年09月25日

《上林图》（或名：子虚上林图、天子狩猎图）卷由明代仇英绘制。画卷内容取自西汉司马相如的名篇《上林赋》，作品描绘了上林苑宏大的规模，进而描写天子率众臣在上林狩猎的壮阔场面。原作可能佚散失传，此内含五种结构类似的仿摹本。

根据记载，昆山巨富周凤来曾延聘仇英依据西汉司马相如的《上林赋》绘制十四公尺以上的长卷，作为母亲八十大寿的生日礼物。前后历时共六年。画成后，仇英邀请文徵明题写了司马相如的《子虚赋》和《上林赋》。后严嵩之子严世藩得知此画，向周六观索取。周六观献给严世藩一副《子虚上林图》的摹本后全家出逃。

《上林赋》是《子虚赋》的姊妹篇，两者合称《天子游猎赋》，是汉赋大家司马相如的代表作品。

《上林图》可分为七个段落。卷首先由“子虚”、“乌有”和“亡是”三人的高谈阔论开场，接着描绘天子园苑之钜丽——波涛腾涌的浩荡水域、层峦叠嶂间的离宫别馆。天子在车驾仪仗壮盛地簇拥下出场后，转入校阅士卒在山林间射猎追捕鸟兽的场面。校阅终了，他在嬛嫔陪侍下，于高台上宴乐，忽然省悟不该奢侈纵逸，因而解酒罢猎，摆驾回宫。

此画后来被大量临摹，甚至附会为宋元名家之作。目前，仇英为周六观所作的《上林图》现在仍然下落不明（可能佚散失传）。本文介绍五种结构类似的版本，除元人《上林羽猎图》外，仇英名下的四件《上林图》。仇英作画一般不署年款，这四卷均署年款。分别标记作于嘉靖戊戌年（1538）、嘉靖壬寅年（1542）、嘉靖庚寅年（1548）、嘉靖辛亥年（1551）。五卷的画面细节与装饰各有不同，相互比较极具趣味，亦可想见《上林图》过去受欢迎的程度。（介绍[参考](https://theme.npm.edu.tw/exh107/SuzhouFakes/ch/page-4.html#main)）

此《上林图》卷题款明代仇英绘制。其款署：**嘉靖辛卯**（1531年）**清和畫始**。**戊戌**（1538年）**孟冬竟**。**仇英實父**。现藏于台北故宫博物院这卷是此系列年款最早的一幅。

本幅图写司马相如为汉武帝所作《上林赋》内容，卷末并附有署文徵明款之隶书全文。赋文以华美词句描写富丽的皇家园囿“上林苑”与天子射猎的壮阔场面，呈现汉帝国无可比拟的气魄和声威。画者用笔工细，设色浓艳亮丽，以精谨造型描绘奇花异卉、巍耸宫殿与迤逶人马，展现天威浩大。此重青绿工笔山水画应是后人伪托之作。

![](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-82-845x1113.jpg)

传明代仇英绘
卷末款署：嘉靖辛卯（1531 年）清和畫始。戊戌（1538 年）孟冬竟。仇英實父

绢本设色（拖尾为纸本），纵53.5X横1183.9厘米
隔水一：20.8厘米，隔水二：20.4厘米，拖尾一：53.x171.2厘米，隔水三：20.8厘米，拖尾二：53.5x83厘米，隔水四：20.9厘米。

宣文閣監書畫博士印、真賞齋印、華夏私印、東沙居士、華氏補菴、子子孫孫永保、希世之寶、十洲

卷末有：署文徵明隶书文《上林赋》、陆锡恩等人跋

此卷现藏于[台北故宫博物院](https://digitalarchive.npm.gov.tw/Painting/Content?pid=5558&Dept=P)（[图源](https://theme.npm.edu.tw/exh107/SuzhouFakes/ch/page-4.html#main)）故畫001595

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![image-1372](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-17.jpg)
![image-1373](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-18.jpg)
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![image-1385](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-30.jpg)
![image-1386](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-31.jpg)
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![image-1388](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-33.jpg)

本幅图写司马相如上林赋意，卷末并附有署文徵明款《上林赋》隶书全文。相如此赋乃为献汉武帝而作，以华美靡丽之词句，铺陈颂扬皇家园囿上林苑之堂皇富丽，与天子射猎场面之壮阔伟盛。画中极力描绘各种水陆神兽、奇花异卉，宫殿巍耸，人马迤逶，以见天子声威之浩大。人马树石造型精谨，用笔工细，设色浓艳亮丽，与赡丽之赋文相辉映。此类工笔重设色青绿山水常被标为仇英作品，但应为后人所伪托。

![](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-86-845x480.jpg)

此《上林图》卷题款明代仇英绘制。款署：**嘉靖壬寅**（1542）**七月**。**仇英實父模**。

![](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-85-845x764.jpg)

传明代仇英绘
卷末款署：嘉靖壬寅（1542）七月。仇英實父模。

绢本设色，纵44.8X横1208厘米
隔水一：14.1厘米，隔水二：14厘米，拖尾：44.8x260.3厘米

钤印：項元汴印、子京父印、淨因菴主、項墨林鑑賞章、子京、子孫億世家傳之寶、靖難元勛

款识下钤印：仇氏實父
文徵明隶书题跋后钤印：文徵明印、悟言室印、停云
潘恩行书题跋后钤印：笠江、大司空章
王穉登楷书题跋后钤印：青羊君、王穉登印

此卷现藏于[台北故宫博物院](https://digitalarchive.npm.gov.tw/Painting/Content?pid=5559&Dept=P)（[图源](https://theme.npm.edu.tw/exh107/SuzhouFakes/ch/page-4.html#main)）故畫001594

如果你发现此页介绍的不足之处并愿意帮助我们完善，您可以 [修订或反馈此页](/about/revise/?curl=shang_lin_tu&ctt=上林图) 内容

![image-1389](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-34.jpg)
![image-1390](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-35.jpg)
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![image-1394](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-39.jpg)
![image-1395](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-40.jpg)
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![image-1399](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-44.jpg)
![image-1400](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-45.jpg)
![image-1401](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-46.jpg)
![image-1402](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-47.jpg)

此《上林羽猎图》卷，按此卷原签题元人，与台北故宫博物院藏另两幅传为明代仇英所绘的上林图，构图、设色、用笔都近似，或出自同一稿本，疑皆为后人所摹。汉司马相如作上林赋，叙述天子狩猎于上林苑中。画者依赋文内容臆写情境，描绘层峦叠嶂、人物鸟兽、楼阁台观、旗辇军容等等，行笔设色皆细腻精妙，堪称佳作。

![](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-84-845x751.jpg)

全画分为七段，依次是：虚构人物子虚、乌有 、亡是公三人在屋中对话；在广阔的江水 游翔的水族与飞禽；天子的离宫别馆；天 子校阅游猎的队伍；天子骑马展开狩猎的 活动；在楼台举行歌舞宴乐；狩猎结束， 返回朝廷。全画青绿设色，运笔细腻精巧。

传元人绘

绢本设色，纵47.5X横1298.2厘米
隔水一：14.2厘米，隔水二：11.1厘米，隔水三：12.1厘米，隔水四：13.5厘米

钤印：乾隆御覽之寶、乾隆鑑賞、石渠寶笈、三希堂精鑑璽、宜子孫、寶笈三編、宣統御覽之寶、天籟閣、墨林祕玩、項子京家珍藏、趙羽君家珍藏圖書、湯氏家藏圖書

此卷现藏于[台北故宫博物院](https://digitalarchive.npm.gov.tw/Painting/Content?pid=1442&Dept=P)（[图源](https://theme.npm.edu.tw/exh107/SuzhouFakes/ch/page-4.html#main)）故畫001540

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![image-1403](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-48.jpg)
![image-1404](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-49.jpg)
![image-1405](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-50.jpg)
![image-1406](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-51.jpg)
![image-1407](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-52.jpg)
![image-1408](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-53.jpg)
![image-1409](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-54.jpg)
![image-1410](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-55.jpg)
![image-1411](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-56.jpg)
![image-1412](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-57.jpg)
![image-1413](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-58.jpg)
![image-1414](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-59.jpg)
![image-1415](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-60.jpg)
![image-1416](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-61.jpg)
![image-1417](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-62.jpg)
![image-1418](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-63.jpg)
![image-1419](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-64.jpg)

本幅图写司马相如上林赋意，卷末并附有署黄姬水款《上林赋》全文。相如此赋乃为献汉武帝而作，以华美靡丽之词句，铺陈颂扬皇家园囿上林苑之堂皇富丽，与天子射猎场面之壮阔伟盛。画中极力描绘各种水陆神兽、奇花异卉，宫殿巍耸，人马迤逶，以见天子声威之浩大。人马树石造型精谨，用笔工细，设色浓艳亮丽，与赡丽之赋文相辉映。此类工笔重设色青绿山水常被标为仇英作品，但应为后人所伪托。

此《上林图》卷题款明代仇英绘制。款署：**嘉靖辛亥**（1551）**秋日**。**仇英實父為玉田先生製**。

![](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-87-845x1262.jpg)

根据[李夏恩](https://weibo.com/u/2237144271)先生的介绍，弗里尔美术馆（Freer|Sackler）还有两卷（[F1917.133](https://www.freersackler.si.edu/object/F1917.133/)、[F1911.204](https://www.freersackler.si.edu/object/F1911.204/)）描绘了相似内容，有兴趣的可以参考对比。

传明代仇英绘
卷末款署：嘉靖辛亥（1551）秋日，仇英實父為玉田先生製？

绢本设色，纵44.9X横1281.1厘米

卷末并附有署黄姬水款行书《上林赋》全文

此卷现藏于：[弗里尔美术馆](https://www.freersackler.si.edu/object/F1913.47)（F1913.47）

如果你发现此页介绍的不足之处并愿意帮助我们完善，您可以 [修订或反馈此页](/about/revise/?curl=shang_lin_tu&ctt=上林图) 内容

![image-1420](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-65.jpg)
![image-1421](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-66.jpg)
![image-1422](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-67.jpg)
![image-1423](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-68.jpg)
![image-1424](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-69.jpg)
![image-1425](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-70.jpg)
![image-1426](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-71.jpg)
![image-1427](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-72.jpg)
![image-1428](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-73.jpg)
![image-1429](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-74.jpg)
![image-1430](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-75.jpg)
![image-1431](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-76.jpg)
![image-1432](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-77.jpg)
![image-1433](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-78.jpg)
![image-1434](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-79.jpg)
![image-1435](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-80.jpg)
![image-1436](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-81.jpg)

本幅图写司马相如上林赋意，引首和拖尾均无题跋。相如此赋乃为献汉武帝而作，以华美靡丽之词句，铺陈颂扬皇家园囿上林苑之堂皇富丽，与天子射猎场面之壮阔伟盛。画中极力描绘各种水陆神兽、奇花异卉，宫殿巍耸，人马迤逶，以见天子声威之浩大。人马树石造型精谨，用笔工细，设色浓艳亮丽，与赡丽之赋文相辉映。此类工笔重设色青绿山水常被标为仇英作品，但应为后人所伪托。

此《上林图》卷题款明代仇英绘制。款署：**嘉靖二十五年**（1546）**吳門仇英實父製**。

![](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/shang_lin_tu-88-845x979.jpg)

传明代仇英绘
卷末款署：嘉靖二十五年（1546）吳門仇英實父製

绢本设色，纵45X横1265厘米

款识下钤印：十洲、英

所钤鉴赏印记有「子京」朱文葫芦印，「墨林山人」白方印，「平生真賞」朱文印，「寄敖」朱文椭圆印，「天籟閣」朱文长方印（以上均为项元汴藏印）、「胡氏傳家之章」白方印、「吳郡陸友仁」朱方印、「至永吉印」白方印、「華氏補庵」白方印、「居敬行簡」白长方印、「忠紉」朱方印、「大吉羊」朱文椭圆印等，共计二十九方。

此卷原为日本藏家兵藤三郎所藏，现为中国[私人所藏](https://auction.artron.net/paimai-art5022931567/)，感谢[李夏恩](https://weibo.com/u/2237144271)先生提供此图文件。

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《[上林赋](https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%8A%E6%9E%97%E8%B5%8B)》是西汉辞赋家司马相如创作的一篇赋，是《子虚赋》的姊妹篇。此赋先写子虚、乌有二人之论不确来引出天子上林之事，再依次夸饰天子上林苑中的水势、水产、草木、走兽、台观、树木、猿类之胜，然后写天子猎余庆功，最后写天子悔过反思。全赋规模宏大，辞汇丰富，描绘尽致，渲染淋漓。

[仇英](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%87%E8%8B%B1)（约 1494 年－1552 年），字实父，一作实甫，号十洲，太仓（今江苏太仓）人，移家吴县（今江苏苏州）。长期住苏州。初为漆工，后改学画，师周臣。以卖画为生，精于摹古，不拘一家一派。粉图黄纸，落笔乱真。善画人物、鸟兽、山水、楼观、舟车之类，皆秀雅鲜丽。与沈周、文徵明、唐寅并称为“明四家”。

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