# 天龙山石窟

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撰自 /类目 [影像](https://www.shuge.org/collection/photographs/), [民国](https://www.shuge.org/collection/mingguo/), [艺术类](https://www.shuge.org/collection/art/) /2021年02月12日

天龙山石窟于唐代达艺术高峰，然因长期湮没，至清末民初已毁坏惨重。此《天龙山石窟》为二十世纪初外村太治郎随关野贞、常盘大定、田中俊逸一起在调查天龙山石窟遗迹后，以照片记录了其被破坏前的原始面貌，全套共八十幅，每幅有中英文标记。此本为金尾文渊堂1922年出版。

天龙山石窟创建于东魏（公元534—550年），高欢在天龙山开凿石窟，高欢之子高洋建立北齐的晋阳为别都，继续在天龙山开凿石窟。隋代杨广为晋王，继续开凿石窟，唐代李渊父子起家于晋阳，建造石窟达到高峰。石窟分布在天龙山东西两峰的悬崖腰部，有东魏，北齐、隋、唐开凿的24个洞窟，东峰八窟，西峰十三窟，山北3窟。共存石窟造像1500余尊，浮雕、藻井、画像1144幅。各窟的开凿年代不一，以唐代最多，达十五窟。东魏石雕比例适度，形象写实、逼真，生活气息浓郁；唐代雕像则愈见严谨、洗炼、精湛。唐代石雕体态生动，姿势优美，刀法洗炼衣纹流畅，具有丰富的质感。第九窟“漫山阁”中的弥勒大佛坐像高约8米，比例和谐，容貌端庄凝重；下层观音立像，高约11米，形体丰满，璎珞富丽，纱罗透体，而普贤雕像，面带微笑，治然自得，是石雕中的精品。明人张冕《天龙寺》诗有“门对虬松欹偃石，殿围龙柏倒撑丘”句，即指此景。天龙山上，还有遍山松柏，尤以盘龙古松龙游神盘，纵横缠绕，为天龙山上又一奇观。

扉页为內藤虎署：**天龍山石窟**
![](https://www.shuge.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/tian_long_shan_shi_ku01-1000x1355.jpg)
天龙山石窟在山西太原市西南40公里天龙山腰。天龙山亦名方山，海拔高1700米。这里风光秀丽，历史上曾是北齐皇帝高洋之父高欢的避暑宫。四周山峦起伏，遍山松柏葱郁，山头龙王石洞泉水荡漾，山前溪涧清流潺潺。由于北齐时山下兴建了天龙寺，后人就习惯地称之为天龙山了。清末民初，遗迹被严重损毁，大量造像被盗，流失海外，藏于各大博物馆。

> 1918年，日本人关野贞重新发现天龙山石窟，并将调查报告发表于日本《国华》杂志。此报告一出，引起世界轰动的同时，也招来了大规模的盗凿活动，数百件天龙山石窟精品造像被运往海外。
> 
> 1948年，天龙寺再遭大火毁于一旦，无人管理的天龙山石窟遭受自然灾害的损坏更加迅速。直到1982年，才开始对天龙山石窟进行保护、恢复和维修工作。
> 
> 1924年~1925年间，中外盗贼对石窟进行了掠夺和破坏，耗时四百年开凿的天龙山石窟，从此竟成为无头的石窟，是中国境内摧残破坏最为严重的石窟，再也找不出一尊完整造像。（介绍[参考](https://www.sohu.com/a/302304129_447519)）

日本大正十一年（壬戌 1922）金尾文渊堂刊本

外村太治郎等

一册。开本尺寸：30.8 x 40厘米，八十图。

內藤虎署：天龍山石窟

**序**：高楠順次郎序、關野貞序、常盤大定序
**跋**：望月信亨識、小野玄妙識

[zenwort](https://archive.org/details/TianLongShanSekkutsu1922/)@archive

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天龙山石窟.外村太治郎著.1922年金尾文渊堂刊本

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